I'rab of Surah An-Nazi'at Ayah 45: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah An-Nazi'at (النازعات) · Meccan · Ayah 45
إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ مُنذِرُ مَن يَخْشَىٰهَا TransliterationInnama anta mundhiru man yakhshaha
MeaningYou are only a warner of those who fear it.
This verse restricts the Prophet's role: "You are only a warner of whoever fears it." The particle "innama" limits the predicate to one function; "anta" is the subject, "mundhiru" is the predicate in a genitive construct with the relative "man," whose clause "yakhshaha" defines those who heed the warning.
Word by word i'rab
restrictive particle (kaffah wa makfufah)
The attached ma neutralizes the governing force of inna, turning the construction into one of restriction (only).
indeclinablesubject (mubtada')
This detached pronoun is built but occupies the nominative position as the subject of the nominal sentence.
indeclinablepredicate (khabar) in construct state
Mundhir is the nominative predicate and is the first term of a genitive construct (mudaf) governing the following relative noun.
nominativesecond term of construct (mudaf ilayh): relative noun
This relative noun stands in the genitive as the second part of the construct following mundhir.
genitiveverb of the relative clause (silah) with attached pronoun
Yakhsha is a present-tense verb in the indicative whose ending is estimated, forming the relative clause, and the pronoun ha is its object referring to the Hour.
nominativeDetailed i'rab
The verse opens with innama, in which the suffixed ma is kaffah (neutralizing), stripping inna of its governing power and yielding the meaning of restriction ("only"). The detached pronoun anta is built but holds the nominative position as the subject (mubtada'). The noun mundhir is the nominative predicate (khabar) and simultaneously the first member of a genitive construct (mudaf). The relative noun man functions as the second member of the construct (mudaf ilayh) and is therefore in the genitive position. The present-tense verb yakhsha forms the relative clause (silah al-mawsul) that has no place in i'rab; its indicative ending is estimated on the alif maqsura, and the suffixed ha is its direct object referring to the Hour. The structure confines the Prophet's mission to warning those receptive to it.
Frequently asked
What does "innama" do grammatically here?
Its attached "ma" is kaffah, which cancels the case-governing role of "inna" and gives the sentence the meaning of restriction, conveying "only."
Why is "man" in the genitive?
Because "mundhir" is the first term of a genitive construct and "man" is its second term (mudaf ilayh), which must be genitive.