I'rab of Surah An-Naba Ayah 33: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah An-Naba (النبأ) · Meccan · Ayah 33
وَكَوَاعِبَ أَتْرَابًۭا TransliterationWa kawa'iba atraban
MeaningAnd full-breasted companions of equal age,
The verse continues the list of rewards with full-breasted companions of equal age. Kawa'ib is joined by the conjunction to the earlier accusative nouns, and atraban is its adjective, agreeing with it in the accusative case.
Word by word i'rab
noun joined by conjunction (ma'tuf)
It is connected by the wa to the preceding accusative nouns and is a diptote, so it takes a bare fatha without tanwin.
accusativeadjective (na't) of kawa'ib
It describes kawa'ib and agrees with it in the accusative, showing tanwin as a fully declinable noun.
accusativeDetailed i'rab
Kawa'ib is linked by the conjunction wa to the earlier accusative items in the catalogue of rewards, so it shares their accusative status. Like hada'iq in the previous verse, kawa'ib is a diptote barred from full nunation because of its plural pattern; it therefore takes a plain fatha rather than the usual accusative tanwin. The following word, atraban, is an adjective (na't) qualifying kawa'ib and must agree with it in case, hence the accusative. Atraban is a regular declinable noun, so it carries the accusative with tanwin. The pairing describes companions matched in youthfulness, continuing the description of the garden's blessings.
Frequently asked
Is kawa'ib a diptote?
Yes, it follows a broken-plural pattern that prevents full nunation, so it shows the accusative with a bare fatha.
What role does atraban play?
It is an adjective (na't) describing kawa'ib and therefore agrees with it in the accusative case.