I'rab of Surah Al-Inshiqaq Ayah 7: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Al-Inshiqaq (الانشقاق) · Meccan · Ayah 7
فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَٰبَهُۥ بِيَمِينِهِۦ TransliterationFa-amma man utiya kitabahu bi-yaminih(i)
MeaningAs for the one who is given his record in his right hand,
This verse opens the first branch of a detailed condition. The particle fa- links it to the preceding passage, and amma introduces a clause of detail and condition. Man is a conditional noun functioning as the subject (mubtada'), and the passive verb uti takes kitabahu as its object, with bi-yaminihi attached to the verb.
Word by word i'rab
connective particle + particle of detail and condition
The prefixed fa- connects this passage to what precedes, and amma signals both a conditional sense and the start of a detailed enumeration.
indeclinableconditional noun, subject (mubtada')
Man is a conditional noun that requires a verbal response and here stands in the nominative position as the topic of the sentence.
nominativepassive verb (conditional verb)
Uti is a past-tense passive verb whose implied subject (the deputy agent) is the relative referent of man.
indeclinableobject (maf'ul bihi)
Kitabahu is the second object of the doubly-transitive passive verb and is accusative, with the attached pronoun hu in genitive as possessor.
accusativeprepositional phrase attached to the verb
Bi-yaminihi is a prepositional phrase governed in the genitive and linked to the verb uti, describing the manner of receiving.
genitiveDetailed i'rab
The verse begins the first arm of a two-part detail introduced by amma, a particle that combines conditional force with elaboration; the prefixed fa- ties the passage to what came before. Man is a conditional noun occupying the nominative slot as the subject (mubtada'). Its conditional verb uti is a past passive form whose deputy agent is the referent of man. The accusative kitabahu serves as the object of this doubly-transitive passive verb, its pronoun hu standing in the genitive as possessor. The prepositional phrase bi-yaminihi is genitive and connects to the verb, specifying that the record is received in the right hand. The response to this condition follows in the next verse with the linking fa-.
Frequently asked
Why is man considered nominative when it has no visible case ending?
Man is indeclinable in form, but as a conditional noun serving as the subject (mubtada') it occupies the nominative position grammatically, even though its ending does not change.
What does amma add to the sentence?
Amma introduces a clause of detail and condition, dividing the discourse into contrasting categories; here it begins the description of the person who receives the record in the right hand.