I'rab of Surah Al-Inshiqaq Ayah 11: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Al-Inshiqaq (الانشقاق) · Meccan · Ayah 11
فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُوا۟ ثُبُورًۭا TransliterationFa-sawfa yad'u thubura(n)
Meaninghe will call out for destruction,
This verse is the response to the condition of verse ten, linked by fa-. The future particle sawfa precedes the verb yad'u, and thuburan is its accusative object (maf'ul bihi), naming the destruction that the person will call upon himself.
Word by word i'rab
response-linking particle + future particle
The fa- links this clause as the answer to the conditional amma of the previous verse, and sawfa marks the future tense.
indeclinablepresent verb
Yad'u is an imperfect verb in the indicative (nominative) mood; its subject is the implied pronoun referring to the person of verse ten.
nominativeobject (maf'ul bihi)
Thuburan is the accusative object of yad'u, naming the ruin and destruction that he will cry out for.
accusativeDetailed i'rab
This verse provides the response (jawab) to the conditional amma that began verse ten, the answer linked by the prefixed fa-. The future particle sawfa precedes the verb to mark its futurity. Yad'u is an imperfect verb in the indicative (nominative) mood; because its root ends in a weak letter, the nominative is understood rather than marked by a visible damma. Its subject is the implied pronoun referring to the person who received his record from behind his back. The accusative thuburan is the direct object (maf'ul bihi) of yad'u, denoting the ruin and self-destruction he will call out for. The construction conveys that this person, in despair, will summon his own perdition.
Frequently asked
Why is thuburan accusative?
Thuburan is the direct object (maf'ul bihi) of the verb yad'u, and direct objects take the accusative case, here marked by the tanwin ending.
Why does yad'u not show a visible nominative ending?
Yad'u ends in a weak final letter, so its indicative (nominative) mood is grammatically understood rather than shown by an explicit short-vowel marker.