I'rab of Surah Abasa Ayah 9: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Abasa (عبس) · Meccan · Ayah 9
وَهُوَ يَخْشَىٰ Transliterationwa-huwa yakhshā
MeaningWhile he fears (God).
This short verse adds a second description of the eager seeker: while he is in awe of God. It is a circumstantial nominal sentence formed by waw + the pronoun huwa as subject and the verb yakhshaa as predicate, both depicting his inner state of reverence.
Word by word i'rab
circumstantial waw (waw al-haal)
This waw introduces a circumstantial clause describing the state of the man who came striving.
indeclinablesubject (mubtada')
The detached pronoun huwa stands in the nominative place as the subject of the circumstantial nominal sentence.
nominativeverb forming the predicate (khabar)
This present-tense verb with a concealed subject forms the predicate, conveying his ongoing fear and reverence.
nominativeDetailed i'rab
This verse is a circumstantial sentence (jumlah haaliyyah) attached to the previous one by the waw of state. The detached pronoun huwa occupies the nominative position as the subject (mubtada'). The verb yakhshaa is present-tense with a concealed subject referring to huwa; this verbal sentence stands in the place of the predicate (khabar) of the subject. Together they form a nominal sentence whose whole sits in the accusative position as a second circumstantial description of the man, adding inner reverence to the outward striving already mentioned. Thus the eager seeker is doubly portrayed: he came hastening, and he came in a state of fearing God.
Frequently asked
What kind of waw begins this verse?
It is the circumstantial waw (waw al-haal), which introduces a clause describing the state of the man mentioned in the previous verse.
What is the predicate of huwa?
The predicate is the verbal sentence yakhshaa, a present-tense verb whose concealed subject refers back to huwa.
What is the overall position of this nominal sentence?
The whole nominal sentence occupies the accusative place as a circumstantial state (haal) describing the man who came striving.