I'rab of Surah Abasa Ayah 10: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Abasa (عبس) · Meccan · Ayah 10
فَأَنتَ عَنْهُ تَلَهَّىٰ Transliterationfa-anta ʿanhu talahhā
MeaningFrom him you are distracted.
This is the response to the earlier ammaa: yet you turn away from him. The fa links the answer, anta is the subject, the fronted prepositional phrase anhu emphasizes the one neglected, and talahhaa is the verbal predicate meaning you busy yourself away from him.
Word by word i'rab
connective particle answering ammaa (raabitah)
This fa links the response clause to the ammaa introduced in verse eight.
indeclinablesubject (mubtada')
The detached pronoun anta stands in the nominative place as the subject of the response sentence.
nominativeprepositional phrase fronted before the verb
The phrase 'an + the pronoun hu is attached to the verb talahhaa and is brought forward for emphasis.
genitiveverb forming the predicate (khabar)
This present-tense verb with a concealed subject forms the predicate, meaning you occupy yourself and turn away.
nominativeDetailed i'rab
This verse completes the conditional structure begun in verse eight. The fa is the connective that links the response (jawaab) to the particle ammaa. The detached pronoun anta serves as the subject (mubtada') in the nominative position. The prepositional phrase 'anhu, composed of 'an and the attached pronoun, is grammatically connected to the verb talahhaa and is fronted before it for emphasis, highlighting the very person being neglected. The verb talahhaa is present-tense (originally tatalahhaa with one taa elided) with a concealed subject referring to anta; this verbal sentence occupies the place of the predicate (khabar). The meaning: as for that earnest seeker, you allow yourself to be distracted away from him.
Frequently asked
Why does the verse begin with fa?
The fa is the connective particle that ties this clause to the ammaa of verse eight, supplying its required response (jawaab).
Why is anhu placed before the verb?
The prepositional phrase 'anhu is fronted before talahhaa for emphasis, drawing attention to the very person who was being turned away from.
What is the original form of talahhaa?
It is originally tatalahhaa; one of the two taa letters is dropped, leaving a present-tense verb with a concealed subject referring to anta.