I'rab of Surah Abasa Ayah 30: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Abasa (عبس) · Meccan · Ayah 30
وَحَدَآئِقَ غُلْبًۭا TransliterationWa-ḥadāʾiqa ghulbā
MeaningAnd gardens of dense, lofty trees,
"And dense-treed gardens." Ḥadāʾiqa (gardens) is a coordinated noun in the accusative; it is diptote (mamnūʿ min al-ṣarf), so it takes a fatḥah without tanwīn because it follows the plural pattern fawāʿil. Ghulban (dense, thickly grown) is its adjective, also accusative, agreeing with it and completing the list of God's varied produce.
Word by word i'rab
conjunction wāw plus coordinated noun (ma'tuf), diptote
Ḥadāʾiqa (gardens) is coordinated onto the previous objects in the accusative, but takes a bare fatḥah without tanwīn because it is a diptote following the ultimate-plural pattern.
accusativeadjective (na't)
Ghulban (thick, densely grown) is an adjective describing the gardens, accusative in agreement with ḥadāʾiqa and bearing tanwīn.
accusativeDetailed i'rab
The وَ is a coordinating conjunction, and حَدَآئِقَ (gardens) is a noun coordinated (maʿṭūf) onto the earlier direct objects, governed by the verb أَنۢبَتْنَا ("We caused to grow") and therefore in the accusative. Notably, حَدَآئِقَ is a diptote (mamnūʿ min al-ṣarf): it follows the plural pattern (ṣīghat muntahā al-jumūʿ, fawāʿil), so it is denied tanwīn and shows its accusative with a bare fatḥah rather than the usual fatḥatayn. غُلْبًا (dense, thickly grown trees) is an adjective (naʿt) qualifying حَدَآئِق, agreeing with it in the accusative; being fully declinable, it carries tanwīn. The verse closes the enumeration of crops with these lush, densely planted gardens.
Frequently asked
Why does حَدَآئِقَ lack tanwīn while the other listed nouns have it?
حَدَآئِقَ is a diptote (mamnūʿ min al-ṣarf) because it follows the ultimate-plural pattern fawāʿil; such nouns are denied tanwīn and show the accusative with a single fatḥah.
What is the grammatical relationship of غُلْبًا to حَدَآئِقَ?
غُلْبًا is an adjective (naʿt) describing the gardens as densely grown; it agrees with حَدَآئِقَ in the accusative case.