I'rab of Surah At-Takwir Ayah 6: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah At-Takwir (التكوير) · Meccan · Ayah 6
وَإِذَا ٱلْبِحَارُ سُجِّرَتْ TransliterationWa idha al-biharu sujjirat
Meaningand when the seas are set ablaze and made to surge,
The conditional chain continues with wa. Idha is a future conditional time adverb, al-bihar (the seas) is the nominative subject of an implied verb interpreted by the passive verb sujjirat (were set ablaze or made to overflow). The whole sequence of conditions still points forward to its single answer in verse 14.
Word by word i'rab
conjunction (harf 'atf)
The conjunction wa links this condition to the preceding chain.
indeclinablefuture time adverb (zarf) of condition
A conditional time adverb in the accusative place, connected to the same delayed answer.
indeclinablesubject (fa'il) of an implied verb
It is the doer of an omitted verb explained by the verb that follows.
nominativepassive past-tense verb with the tied feminine ta
A passive past verb meaning the seas were kindled into fire or made to swell and overflow; the ta agrees with the feminine subject.
indeclinableDetailed i'rab
The verse begins with wa, continuing the running list of conditions that describe the Day of Judgment. Idha is a future time adverb carrying conditional meaning, fixed in an accusative position connected to the answer that finally appears in verse 14. Al-bihar is nominative and, following the principle that idha is followed by a verb, is parsed as the subject of an omitted verb interpreted by the verb after it. Sujjirat is a passive past-tense verb on the fu''ila pattern; commentators read it as the seas being set ablaze with fire or made to swell, overflow, and merge. The tied feminine ta agrees with the broken-plural noun treated as feminine. This is the last of the first block of conditions, and like its sisters the explanatory clause has no independent place in parsing.
Frequently asked
What does sujjirat mean grammatically and lexically?
Grammatically it is a passive past verb (fu''ila pattern); lexically it carries the senses of being set on fire and of being made to swell or overflow.
Have all six conditions shared one answer?
Yes; verses 1 through 13 are parallel idha clauses, and they all hang on the single answer delivered in verse 14, 'a soul will know what it has prepared.'