I'rab of Surah An-Nazi'at Ayah 39: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah An-Nazi'at (النازعات) · Meccan · Ayah 39
فَإِنَّ ٱلْجَحِيمَ هِىَ ٱلْمَأْوَىٰ TransliterationFa-inna al-jaḥīma hiya al-ma'wā
Meaningthen indeed the Blaze will be the refuge.
This verse delivers the answer to the conditional opened in verse 37. The fā links to the answer, inna emphatically governs its noun (al-jaḥīm) in the accusative, and a separating pronoun (hiya) distinguishes the predicate. The definite noun (al-ma'wā) serves as the predicate of inna, declaring that the Blaze is the final abode of the transgressor.
Word by word i'rab
linking particle + emphatic particle
The fā links the answer to the conditional begun in verse 37, and inna is an emphatic particle that puts the following noun in the accusative.
indeclinablenoun of inna (ism inna)
The noun governed by inna, in the accusative, naming the Blaze.
accusativeseparating pronoun (damir al-fasl)
A pronoun of separation that marks off the predicate and adds emphasis, having no case-bearing position of its own.
indeclinablepredicate of inna (khabar inna)
The predicate of inna in the nominative; its ending is virtual because the word closes with a fixed final alif.
nominativeDetailed i'rab
The prefixed fā connects this clause to the conditional opened in verse 37, serving as the linker to its answer-clause. Inna is an emphatic particle that places its following noun in the accusative: al-jaḥīm is the noun of inna, naming the Blaze. The pronoun hiya functions as a separating pronoun (damir al-fasl); it occupies no independent grammatical position but distinguishes the predicate from an adjective and reinforces the statement. Al-ma'wā then serves as the predicate of inna in the nominative, though its case ending is virtual because the word ends in a fixed alif. The complete sentence affirms emphatically that the Blaze is the destined refuge of the one described in verses 37 and 38.
Frequently asked
What is the function of the pronoun 'hiya' here?
It is a separating pronoun that signals the following word is the predicate, not an adjective, and it strengthens the assertion; it carries no case of its own.
Why is 'al-jaḥīm' accusative but 'al-ma'wā' nominative?
Inna places its noun in the accusative and its predicate in the nominative; thus al-jaḥīm takes the accusative as the noun of inna, while al-ma'wā is nominative as its predicate.