I'rab of Surah An-Nazi'at Ayah 17: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah An-Nazi'at (النازعات) · Meccan · Ayah 17
ٱذْهَبْ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُۥ طَغَىٰ TransliterationIdhhab ila Fir'awna innahu tagha
MeaningGo to Pharaoh; indeed, he has transgressed.
Here God commands Moses to go to Pharaoh because he has transgressed. Idhhab is an imperative, ila Fir'awn is a prepositional phrase, and innahu tagha is an emphatic clause: inna with an attached pronoun as its noun and the past verb tagha forming its predicate.
Word by word i'rab
imperative verb (fi'l amr)
This command 'go' is built on sukun and its hidden subject is 'you' (Moses).
jussivepreposition (harf jarr)
This preposition 'to' governs the following name in the genitive.
indeclinableobject of preposition (majrur)
This proper name 'Pharaoh' is genitive after ila, marked by fathah because it is a diptote (mamnu' min as-sarf).
genitiveemphatic particle (harf tawkid)
This inna puts its noun in the accusative and its predicate in the nominative, conveying 'indeed.'
indeclinablenoun of inna (ism inna)
This attached pronoun 'he' is the noun of inna in the accusative position, referring to Pharaoh.
accusativepredicate of inna as a verbal sentence (khabar inna)
This past verb 'he transgressed' forms a verbal sentence that serves as the predicate of inna, with a hidden subject 'he.'
indeclinableDetailed i'rab
The verse contains an imperative followed by an emphatic explanatory clause. Idhhab ('go') is an imperative verb built on sukun, with an implied subject pronoun 'you' addressing Moses. The preposition ila ('to') governs the proper name Fir'awn ('Pharaoh') in the genitive; because Pharaoh is a diptote (prevented from full inflection), its genitive marker appears as a fathah rather than a kasrah. The clause innahu tagha is introduced by inna ('indeed'), an emphatic particle that takes a noun in the accusative and a predicate in the nominative. The attached pronoun hu ('he') is the noun of inna in the accusative position, referring to Pharaoh. The past-tense verb tagha ('he transgressed'), with a hidden subject pronoun, forms a verbal sentence functioning as the predicate of inna, giving the reason for the command.
Frequently asked
Why is Fir'awn marked with a fathah in the genitive?
Fir'awn is a diptote (mamnu' min as-sarf), so in the genitive it takes a fathah instead of the usual kasrah.
What is the predicate of inna in this verse?
The predicate is the verbal sentence tagha ('he transgressed'), which occupies the nominative position as the khabar of inna.