I'rab of Surah Al-Mutaffifin Ayah 7: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Al-Mutaffifin (المطففين) · Meccan · Ayah 7
كَلَّآ إِنَّ كِتَٰبَ ٱلْفُجَّارِ لَفِى سِجِّينٍۢ TransliterationKallaa inna kitaaba l-fujjaari lafee sijjeen
MeaningNo indeed! The record of the wicked is in Sijjin.
This verse opens with the rebuke particle kallaa, then introduces an emphatic statement with inna: indeed the record of the wicked is in Sijjin. The phrase fi sijjin is the predicate of inna, and the la- is the emphatic lam added for stress, underscoring the certainty of where the corrupt people's deeds are recorded.
Word by word i'rab
particle of rebuke and restraint
It is a particle of deterrence rebuking the fraudsters for cheating in measure and for their heedlessness of the resurrection.
indeclinableparticle of emphasis (harf tawkid)
It is the emphatic particle inna which puts its noun in the accusative and its predicate in the nominative.
indeclinablenoun of inna (ism inna)
It is the noun of inna, accusative, and it is in a genitive construct with what follows.
accusativepossessive complement (mudaf ilayh)
It is the second term of the construct, genitive, naming the wicked whose record is meant.
genitiveemphatic prefix lam (al-lam al-muzahlaqa)
It is the displaced lam of emphasis attached to the predicate to reinforce the statement.
indeclinablepreposition (harf jarr)
It is a preposition governing the following noun in the genitive.
indeclinableobject of preposition forming the predicate of inna
Together with fi it forms the prepositional phrase that serves as the predicate of inna.
genitiveDetailed i'rab
The verse begins with kallaa, a particle of stern rebuke and deterrence, dismissing the attitude of the fraudsters and their denial of the resurrection. Then comes inna, the particle of emphasis, which renders its noun accusative and its predicate nominative in position. Its noun is kitaaba, accusative, standing as the first term of a genitive construct (idafa) with al-fujjaar, which is genitive as the possessive complement. The predicate of inna is the prepositional phrase fi sijjin, where fi governs sijjin in the genitive; this phrase relates to the omitted predicate of inna. The lam attached before fi is the lam al-muzahlaqa, the emphatic displaced lam, intensifying the assertion that the wicked people's record is indeed lodged in Sijjin.
Frequently asked
What grammatical function does fi sijjin serve?
The prepositional phrase fi sijjin stands in place of the predicate of inna, conveying where the record is located.
Why is kitaaba accusative?
It is the noun of inna (ism inna), and inna places its noun in the accusative case.