I'rab of Surah Al-Mutaffifin Ayah 11: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Al-Mutaffifin (المطففين) · Meccan · Ayah 11
ٱلَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ TransliterationAlladheena yukadhdhiboona bi-yawmi d-deen
MeaningThose who deny the Day of Recompense.
This describes the deniers: 'those who deny the Day of Judgment.' Alladhina is a relative pronoun in the genitive as an adjective for al-mukadhdhibin, yukadhdhibun is the relative-clause verb, and bi-yawm is a prepositional phrase attached to that verb.
Word by word i'rab
relative pronoun as adjective (na't) of al-mukadhdhibin
It is a relative pronoun in the genitive position, qualifying al-mukadhdhibin from the previous verse.
genitiveverb of the relative clause (sila)
It is the present-tense verb forming the relative clause that explains who the deniers are.
indeclinablepreposition (harf jarr)
It is a preposition governing the following noun and connected to the verb yukadhdhibun.
indeclinableobject of preposition (majrur)
It is genitive after the preposition and is the first term of a construct with al-din.
genitivepossessive complement (mudaf ilayh)
It is the second term of the construct, genitive, completing the phrase 'the Day of Recompense.'
genitiveDetailed i'rab
Alladhina is a relative pronoun standing in the genitive position as an adjective (na't) describing al-mukadhdhibin in the preceding verse, since adjectives follow their noun in case. Its relative clause (sila) is the verbal sentence yukadhdhibun, a present-tense verb whose plural subject pronoun refers to the deniers. The prepositional phrase bi-yawm is attached to this verb, with bi governing yawm in the genitive; yawm in turn is the first term of a genitive construct (idafa) with al-din, which is genitive as the possessive complement. The whole expression identifies the deniers as precisely those who reject the Day of Judgment, giving the content of their denial.
Frequently asked
Why is alladhina in the genitive position?
It serves as an adjective (na't) for al-mukadhdhibin, and an adjective matches its noun in case, which here is genitive.
What does the phrase bi-yawmi d-din connect to?
It is attached to the verb yukadhdhibun, specifying what is being denied: the Day of Recompense.