I'rab of Surah Al-Infitar Ayah 7: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Al-Infitar (الانفطار) · Meccan · Ayah 7
ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّىٰكَ فَعَدَلَكَ TransliterationAlladhī khalaqaka fa-sawwāka fa-ʿadalak(a)
MeaningWho created you, then proportioned you, then balanced you.
This ayah continues describing the generous Lord with a relative clause: "the One who created you, then proportioned you, then balanced you." The relative pronoun الَّذِي functions as a further description of "your Lord," and three past-tense verbs (created, fashioned, balanced) are joined by the connecting particle fa to show ordered sequence, each governing the object "you."
Word by word i'rab
relative pronoun (description of "your Lord")
A relative pronoun serving as a second adjectival description of "your Lord" mentioned in the previous ayah, fixed in form and not changing its ending.
indeclinableverb + object (relative clause)
A past-tense verb "He created" whose hidden subject refers to the Lord, with the attached pronoun ka as its direct object, forming the relative clause with no grammatical position.
indeclinableconnected verb + object
The particle fa connects in sequence, joining the past-tense verb "He proportioned/fashioned" to the previous verb, again with ka as its object.
indeclinableconnected verb + object
Again fa marks ordered succession, joining the past-tense verb "He balanced/made symmetrical" with the object pronoun ka.
indeclinableDetailed i'rab
The ayah opens with the relative pronoun ٱلَّذِي, which is indeclinable and serves as a further qualifying description of "your Lord" from the preceding verse. It introduces a relative clause built from three coordinated past-tense verbs. خَلَقَ ("He created") carries a concealed subject pronoun referring to the Lord, while the attached كَ is its direct object in the accusative position. The connecting particle فَ in فَسَوَّىٰ and فَعَدَلَ indicates ordered sequence, joining "He fashioned" and "He balanced" to the first verb. Each verb governs the same object pronoun كَ. The entire relative clause has no independent case position because it completes the description of the noun it modifies.
Frequently asked
What does ٱلَّذِي refer back to?
It refers back to "your Lord" (rabbika) in the previous ayah, adding a second description of Him through the relative clause that follows.
Why is the particle فَ used three times?
The فَ here is a connecting particle indicating sequence; it links the three acts of creating, fashioning, and balancing in their natural order of occurrence.
What is the role of كَ at the end of each verb?
Each كَ is an attached pronoun acting as the direct object of its verb, all referring to the human being addressed.