I'rab of Surah Al-Infitar Ayah 13: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Al-Infitar (الانفطار) · Meccan · Ayah 13
إِنَّ ٱلْأَبْرَارَ لَفِى نَعِيمٍۢ TransliterationInna al-abrara la-fi na'im
MeaningIndeed, the righteous will be in bliss.
This verse is an emphatic nominal sentence introduced by the particle inna. "The righteous" is its noun in the accusative, and the predicate is the prepositional phrase "in bliss," strengthened by the emphatic lam (lam al-muzahlaqa). It plainly declares the final state of the virtuous: lasting delight and reward.
Word by word i'rab
emphasis particle (harf tawkid)
A particle of emphasis that governs the following noun in the accusative and its predicate in the nominative.
indeclinablenoun of inna (ism inna)
The subject of the sentence governed by inna, placed in the accusative case as its noun.
accusativeemphatic lam + preposition
The shifted emphatic lam (lam al-muzahlaqa) is prefixed to the preposition fi for added stress.
indeclinableobject of preposition forming the predicate
Governed in the genitive by fi, and this prepositional phrase serves as the predicate of inna.
genitiveDetailed i'rab
The verse opens with inna, a particle of emphasis that places the noun after it in the accusative and the predicate in the nominative position (in meaning). Al-abrar ("the righteous") is its noun, marked accusative. The predicate is not a single explicit word but the prepositional phrase fi na'im ("in bliss"): na'im is genitive after the preposition fi, and the phrase as a whole functions as the predicate of inna, indicating place or state. The lam attached to fi is the shifted emphatic lam (lam al-muzahlaqa), which adds a second layer of certainty on top of inna. The construction thus stresses with double assurance that the righteous are settled in enduring delight.
Frequently asked
What is the predicate of inna in this verse?
The predicate is the prepositional phrase fi na'im ("in bliss"), since there is no single explicit predicate word; the whole phrase fills that role.
Why is there a lam before fi?
It is the shifted emphatic lam (lam al-muzahlaqa), which normally precedes the predicate of inna to reinforce the certainty of the statement.