I'rab of Surah Abasa Ayah 33: word by word Arabic grammar
Surah Abasa (عبس) · Meccan · Ayah 33
فَإِذَا جَآءَتِ ٱلصَّآخَّةُ Transliterationfa-idhā jā'ati ṣ-ṣākhkhah
MeaningSo when the Deafening Blast comes,
The verse opens a new theme with "So when the Deafening Blast comes." The fā is a resumptive connector, idhā is a conditional time-adverb whose answer (jawāb) is left implied, jā'at is its past-tense verb, and aṣ-ṣākhkhah is the nominative subject: the overwhelming cry of the Day of Resurrection.
Word by word i'rab
resumptive particle + conditional time-adverb (zarf)
The fā resumes a new statement, and idhā is an adverb of time carrying conditional sense whose answering clause is understood from context.
indeclinablepast-tense verb (fi'l madi)
Jā'at is a past-tense verb ("comes/arrives") in the conditional clause of idhā; the final tā marks a feminine subject.
indeclinablesubject (fa'il)
Aṣ-ṣākhkhah is the nominative doer of jā'at, naming the deafening cry that signals the Resurrection.
nominativeDetailed i'rab
Verse 33 begins a fresh scene. فَ is a resumptive particle (isti'nāfiyyah) starting a new clause, and إِذَا is an adverb of future time with conditional force; its answering clause (jawāb idhā) is omitted and understood from the dread that follows. جَآءَتِ is a past-tense verb whose form bears the feminine marker tā; the kasrah on the final tā is for euphony before the definite article. ٱلصَّآخَّةُ is its grammatical subject (fā'il) in the nominative with a ḍammah. The word means the deafening blast or piercing cry of the Last Day, so loud it nearly deafens. By suppressing the jawāb of idhā, the verse heightens suspense, letting the reader feel the terror before its consequence is named in the verses that follow about people fleeing one another.
Frequently asked
Where is the answering clause (jawāb) of إِذَا?
It is omitted and left to the listener's imagination; the suspended structure makes the horror of that Day more vivid before the following verses describe people fleeing.
Why does جَآءَ end in -ati here?
The feminine tā is added because the subject aṣ-ṣākhkhah is feminine, and the final vowel becomes a kasrah to ease pronunciation before the definite article al-.